ABSTRACT Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) after major surgeries is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. We aim to report incidence, predictors and associated comorbidities of AKI after radical cystectomy in a large cohort of patients. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 1000 patients who underwent open radical cystectomy in a tertiary referral center. Perioperative serum creatinine measurements were used to define AKI according to the RIFLE criteria (as Risk, Injury and Failure). The predictors of AKI after surgery were determined using univariate and multivariate analyses. Results: Out of 988 evaluable patients, AKI developed in 46 (4.7%). According to RIFLE criteria; AKI-Risk, AKI-Injury and AKI-Failure occurred in 26 (2.6%), 9 (0.9%) and 11 (1.1%) patients, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that performing nephroureterectomy with cystectomy (Odds ratio [OR]: 4.3; 95% Confidence interval [CI]: 1.3-13.6; p=0.01) and the development of high grade complications (OR: 3.8; 95% CI 1.9-7.2; p<0.0001) were independently associated with AKI. Conclusions: AKI is a significant morbidity after radical cystectomy and the term should be included during routine cystectomy morbidity assessment.

The damage that world biodiversity is facing this days and their negative impact in the obtainment of new molecule of therapeutic interest is a sad reality, because there are species that have been disappear from this planet. The aim of this review is to analyze the great potential and endangered problems of some medicinal plants in three countries as a representation of three continents of our planet. Analysis of flora of some herbaceous plants in Kazakhstan has shown that about 40 % of sorts presented in its composition have economic importance. In Egypt up to 95 % of its lands are deserts. One of the most valuable treasures that can be found in those deserts are Medicinal and Aromatic plants where is possible to find 30 economically cultivated species. In Cuba medicinal plant species amount to 1 241 (97 are endemic ones), which belong to 725 genera from 172 families. Among them, 17 species, which have the same quantity of genera and families, are in the endangered categories and from them 4 are critically endangered. Medicinal herbs are taking their place alongside the likes of bioenergy crops, sources of renewable industrial feed stocks and bioremedials as potential beneficiaries of technological solutions. For this reasons scientific community most pay attention to this important source of plants especially to those that are endangered

Los daños que la biodiversidad mundial sufre actualmente y su impacto negativo en la obtención de nuevas moléculas de interés terapéutico es una triste realidad, porque hay especies que han desaparecido del planeta. El objetivo de esta revisión es analizar el gran potencial y problemas de extinción de algunas plantas medicinales en tres países diferentes como una representación de tres continentes de nuestro planeta. El análisis de la flora de algunas plantas herbáceas en Kazajstán mostró que alrededor del 40 % de las especies presentes tienen importancia económica. En Egipto el 95 % de sus tierras son desiertos. Uno de los tesoros más valiosos que puede encontrarse en esos desiertos son las plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas donde es posible hallar 30 especies económicamente cultivadas. En Cuba la cantidad de plantas medicinales es de 1 241 (97 son endémicas), las que pertenecen a 725 géneros de 172 familias. Entre estas plantas, 17 especies, las cuales tienen la misma cantidad de género y familia, están en la categoría de amenazadas, y de estas 4 están críticamente en peligro. Las plantas medicinales están tomando su lugar junto a los cultivos bioenergéticos, fuente de energía renovable para las industrias y bioremediales como beneficiarios potenciales de soluciones tecnológicas. Por estas razones la comunidad científica debe prestar atención a esta importante fuente de plantas especialmente a aquellas que se encuentran amenazadas